Referenser
1. Jansson JH, Boman K, Messner T. Trends in blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins and glucose metabolism in the Northern Sweden MONICA project 1986-99. Scand J Public Health Suppl 2003; 61:43-50.
2. Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Tuomilehto J, Puska P. Twenty-Year Dynamics of Serum Cholesterol Levels in the Middle-Aged Population of Eastern Finland. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125(9):713-722.
3. Adachi H, Hino A. Trends in nutritional intake and serum cholesterol levels over 40 years in Tanushimaru, Japanese men. J Epidemiol 2005; 15(3):85-89.
4. Hellenius ML, Johansson J, De Faire U, Elofsson S, Krakau I. Four years experience of a cardiovascular opportunistic screening and prevention programme in the primary health care in Sollentuna, Sweden. Scand J Prim Health Care 1999; 17(2):111-115.
5. Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA 1986; 256(20):2823-2828.
6. Stamler J, Daviglus ML, Garside DB, Dyer AR, Greenland P, Neaton JD. Relationship of Baseline Serum Cholesterol Levels in 3 Large Cohorts of Younger Men to Long-term Coronary, Cardiovascular, and All-Cause Mortality and to Longevity. JAMA 2000; 284(3):311-318.
7. Clarke R, Lewington S, Youngman L, Sherliker P, Peto R, Collins R. Underestimation of the importance of blood pressure and cholesterol for coronary heart disease mortality in old age. European Heart Journal 2002; 23(4):286-293.
8. Verschuren WM, Jacobs DR, Bloemberg BP, Kromhout D, Menotti A, Aravanis C et al. Serum total cholesterol and long-term coronary heart disease mortality in different cultures. Twenty-five-year follow-up of the seven countries study. JAMA 1995; 274(2):131-136.
9. Chen Z, Peto R, Collins R, MacMahon S, Lu J, Li W. Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in population with low cholesterol concentrations. BMJ 1991; 303(6797):276-282.
10. Stensvold I, Tverdal A, Urdal P, Graff-Iversen S. Non-fasting serum triglyceride concentration and mortality from coronary heart disease and any cause in middle aged Norwegian women. BMJ 1993; 307(6915):1318-1322.
11. Goldbourt U, Yaari S, Medalie JH. Isolated Low HDL Cholesterol As a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease Mortality: A 21-Year Follow-up of 8000 Men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17(1):107-113.
12. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ C. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. The Lancet 366(9493):1267-1278.
13. Birjmohun RS, Hutten BA, Kastelein JJP, Stroes ESG. Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005; 45(2):185-197.
14. De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, Brotons C, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. Eur Heart J 2003; 24(17):1601-1610.
15. Wilhelmsen L, Wedel H, Conroy R, Fitzgerald T. Det svenska SCORE-diagrammet för kardiovaskulär risk. Lakartidningen 2004; 101(20):1798-1801.
16. Avins AL, Neuhaus JM. Do Triglycerides Provide Meaningful Information About Heart Disease Risk? Archives of Internal Medicine 2000; 160(13):1937-1944.
17. Walldius G, Jungner I, Holme I, Aastveit AH, Kolar W, Steiner E. High apolipoprotein B, low apolipoprotein A-I, and improvement in the prediction of fatal myocardial infarction (AMORIS study): a prospective study. The Lancet 2001; 358(9298):2026-2033.
18. Talmud PJ, Hawe E, Miller GJ, Humphries SE. Nonfasting Apolipoprotein B and Triglyceride Levels as a Useful Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Middle-Aged UK Men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22(11):1918-1923.
19. Dunder K, Lind L, Zethelius B, Berglund L, Lithell H. Evaluation of a scoring scheme, including proinsulin and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio, for the risk of acute coronary events in middle-aged men: Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM). American Heart Journal 2004; 148(4):596-601.
20. Simons LA, Simons J, Friedlander Y, McCallum J. Cholesterol and other lipids predict coronary heart disease and ischaemic stroke in the elderly, but only in those below 70 years. Atherosclerosis 2001; 159(1):201-208.
21. Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37(12):1595-607.
22. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report. Circulation 2002; 106(25):3143-3421.
23. Malik S, Wong ND, Franklin SS, Kamath TV, L’Italien GJ, Pio JR et al. Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome on Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, and All Causes in United States Adults. Circulation 2004; 110(10):1245-1250.
24. Hunt KJ, Resendez RG, Williams K, Haffner SM, Stern MP. National Cholesterol Education Program Versus World Health Organization Metabolic Syndrome in Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in the San Antonio Heart Study. Circulation 2004; 110(10):1251-1257.
25. Sattar N, Gaw A, Scherbakova O, Ford I, O’Reilly DS, Haffner SM et al. Metabolic Syndrome With and Without C-Reactive Protein as a Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation 2003; 108(4):414-419.
26. Rutter MK, Meigs JB, Sullivan LM, D’Agostino RB, Sr., Wilson PWF. C-Reactive Protein, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation 2004; 110(4):380-385.
27. Ford ES. The metabolic syndrome and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all-causes: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II Mortality Study. Atherosclerosis 2004; 173(2):309-314.
28. Hu G, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Pyorala K. Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Nondiabetic European Men and Women. Archives of Internal Medicine 2004; 164(10):1066-1076.
29. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J et al. The Metabolic Syndrome and Total and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Middle-aged Men. JAMA 2002; 288(21):2709-2716.
30. Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuates the Effects of the Metabolic Syndrome on All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men. Archives of Internal Medicine 2004; 164(10):1092-1097.
31. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, Rifai N. C-Reactive Protein, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events: An 8-Year Follow-Up of 14 719 Initially Healthy American Women. Circulation 2003; 107(3):391-397.
32. Huang Y, Mironova M, Lopes-Virella MF. Oxidized LDL Stimulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19(11):2640.
33. Ardans JA, Economou AP, Martinson JM, Jr., Zhou M, Wahl LM. Oxidized low-density and high-density lipoproteins regulate the production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 by activated monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2002; 71(6):1012-1018.
34. Xu XP, Meisel SR, Ong JM, Kaul S, Cercek B, Rajavashisth TB et al. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its tissue inhibitor in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Circulation 1999; 99(8):993-998.
35. Blankenberg S, Rupprecht HJ, Poirier O, Bickel C, Smieja M, Hafner G et al. Plasma Concentrations and Genetic Variation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Prognosis of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 2003; 107(12):1579.
36. Zouridakis E, Avanzas P, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Fredericks S, Kaski JC. Markers of Inflammation and Rapid Coronary Artery Disease Progression in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris. Circulation 2004; 110(13):1747-1753.
37. Lindholt JS, Vammen S, Fasting H, Henneberg EW, Heickendorff L. The Plasma Level of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 may Predict the Natural History of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. A Preliminary Study. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 2000; 20(3):281-285.
38. Montaner J, Alvarez-Sabin J, Molina C, Angles A, Abilleira S, Arenillas J et al. Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression After Human Cardioembolic Stroke: Temporal Profile and Relation to Neurological Impairment. Stroke 2001; 32(8):1759-1766.
39. Montaner J, Molina CA, Monasterio J, Abilleira S, Arenillas JF, Ribo M et al. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Pretreatment Level Predicts Intracranial Hemorrhagic Complications After Thrombolysis in Human Stroke. Circulation 2003; 107(4):598.
40. Montaner J, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Molina CA, Monasterio J, Arenillas JF, Ribo M et al. Safety Profile of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment Among Stroke Patients Carrying a Common Polymorphism (C-1562T) in the Promoter Region of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene. Stroke 2003; 34(12):2851-2855.
41. Castellanos M, Leira R, Serena J, Pumar JM, Lizasoain I, Castillo J et al. Plasma Metalloproteinase-9 Concentration Predicts Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke * Editorial Comment. Stroke 2003; 34(1):40.
42. Ridker PM, Wilson PWF, Grundy SM. Should C-Reactive Protein Be Added to Metabolic Syndrome and to Assessment of Global Cardiovascular Risk? Circulation 2004; 109(23):2818-2825.
43. Fibrinogen SC. Plasma Fibrinogen Level and the Risk of Major Cardiovascular Diseases and Nonvascular Mortality: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis. JAMA 2005; 294(14):1799-1809.
44. Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, Stern M. The Metabolic Syndrome: Time for a Critical Appraisal: Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28(9):2289-2304.
45. Fortmann SP, Ford E, Criqui MH, Folsom AR, Harris TB, Hong Y et al. CDC/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: Report From the Population Science Discussion Group. Circulation 2004; 110(25):e554-e559.
46. Wald NJ, Law MR. A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%. BMJ 2003; 326(7404):1419.
47. Franco OH, Bonneux L, de Laet C, Peeters A, Steyerberg EW, Mackenbach JP. The Polymeal: a more natural, safer, and probably tastier (than the Polypill) strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 75%. BMJ 2004; 329(7480):1447-1450.
48. Greenland P, Knoll MD, Stamler J, Neaton JD, Dyer AR, Garside DB et al. Major Risk Factors as Antecedents of Fatal and Nonfatal Coronary Heart Disease Events. JAMA 2003; 290(7):891-897.
49. Keil U, Liese AD, Hense HW, Filipiak B, Doring A, Stieber J et al. Classical risk factors and their impact on incident non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality in southern Germany: Results from the MONICA Augsburg cohort study 1984-1992. European Heart Journal 1998; 19(8):1197-1207.
50. Khot UN, Khot MB, Bajzer CT, Sapp SK, Ohman EM, Brener SJ et al. Prevalence of Conventional Risk Factors in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. JAMA 2003; 290(7):898-904.
51. Vasan RS, Sullivan LM, Wilson PW, Sempos CT, Sundstrom J, Kannel WB et al. Relative importance of borderline and elevated levels of coronary heart disease risk factors. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142(6):393-402.
52. Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, Daviglus ML, Garside D et al. Low Risk-Factor Profile and Long-term Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Mortality and Life Expectancy: Findings for 5 Large Cohorts of Young Adult and Middle-Aged Men and Women. JAMA 1999; 282(21):2012-2018.
53. Wood DA. Clinical reality of coronary prevention guidelines: a comparison of EUROASPIRE I and II in nine countries. The Lancet 2001; 357(9261):995-1001.
54. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Brown BG, Ganz P, Vogel RA et al. Effect of Intensive Compared With Moderate Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2004; 291(9):1071-1080.
55. Otto C, Geiss HC, Empen K, Parhofer KG. Long-term reduction of C-reactive protein concentration by regular LDL apheresis. Atherosclerosis 2004; 174(1):151-156.
56. Nakamura T, Matsuda T, Suzuki Y, Ueda Y, Koide H. Effects of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 and serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels in diabetic hemodialysis patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. ASAIO J 2003; 49(4):430-434.
57. Rubak S, Sandbaek A, Lauritzen T, Christensen B. Motivational interviewing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract 2005; 55(513):305-312.
58. Maeda K, Noguchi Y, Fukui T. The effects of cessation from cigarette smoking on the lipid and lipoprotein profiles: a meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine 2003; 37(4):283-290.
59. Rimm EB, Williams P, Fosher K, Criqui M, Stampfer MJ. Moderate alcohol intake and lower risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of effects on lipids and haemostatic factors. BMJ 1999; 319(7224):1523-1528.
60. Hansen AS, Marckmann P, Dragsted LO, Finne Nielsen I-L, Nielsen SE, Gronbak M. Effect of red wine and red grape extract on blood lipids, haemostatic factors, and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. 2005; 59(3):449-455.
61. Carroll S, Dudfield M. What is the relationship between exercise and metabolic abnormalities? A review of the metabolic syndrome. Sports Med 2004; 34(6):371-418.
62. Kraus WE, Houmard JA, Duscha BD, Knetzger KJ, Wharton MB, McCartney JS et al. Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins. N Engl J Med 2002; 347(19):1483-1492.
63. Barengo NC, Hu G, Lakka TA, Pekkarinen H, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J. Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women in Finland. European Heart Journal 2004; 25(24):2204-2211.
64. Lee CD, Blair SN, Jackson AS. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69(3):373-380.
65. Jolliffe JA, Rees K, Taylor RS, Thompson D, Oldridge N, Ebrahim S. Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(1):CD001800.
66. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Walker M. Physical Activity and Mortality in Older Men With Diagnosed Coronary Heart Disease. Circulation 2000; 102(12):1358-1363.
67. Weggemans RM, Zock PL, Katan MB. Dietary cholesterol from eggs increases the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in humans: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73(5):885-891.
68. Clarke R, Frost C, Collins R, Appleby P, Peto R. Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies. BMJ 1997; 314(7074):112.
69. Brunner E, Thorogood M, Rees K, Hewitt G, Brunner E Phd. Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 4:CD002128.
70. Hooper L, Thompson RL, Harrison RA, Summerbell CD, Moore H, Worthington HV et al. Omega 3 fatty acids for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(4):CD003177.
71. Ascherio A, Katan MB, Zock PL, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Trans Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340(25):1994-1998.
72. Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Rosner BA et al. Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. The Lancet 1993; 341(8845):581-585.
73. Ascherio A, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Master C, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Trans-fatty acids intake and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation 1994; 89(1):94-101.
74. Law M. Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health. BMJ 2000; 320(7238):861-864.
75. Katan MB, Grundy SM, Jones P, Law M, Miettinen T, Paoletti R. Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the management of blood cholesterol levels. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78(8):965-978.
76. Stevinson C, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Garlic for Treating Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133(6):420-429.
77. Brown L, Rosner B, Willett WW, Sacks FM. Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69(1):30-42.
78. Kelly S, Frost G, Whittaker V, Summerbell C. Low glycaemic index diets for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(4):CD004467.
79. Hooper L, Summerbell CD, Higgins JP, Thompson RL, Clements G, Capps N et al. Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(3):CD002137.
80. GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. The Lancet 1999; 354(9177):447-455.
81. Burr ML, Gilbert JF, Holliday RM, Elwood PC, Fehily AM, Rogers S et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). The Lancet 1989; 334(8666):757-761.
82. Burr ML, Ashfield-Watt PA, Dunstan FD, Fehily AM, Breay P, Ashton T et al. Lack of benefit of dietary advice to men with angina: results of a controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57(2):193-200.
83. Myers RA, Worm B. Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature 2003; 423(6937):280-283.